Exotic and native plants: learn how to identify and grow them

It is in a large open-air living room, where time unfolds its green blanket, that exotic plants dance to the sound of the winds, with their exuberant flowers and curious shapes . The native species , guardians of the soil and fauna, reveal the wisdom of many eras and offer shelter to birds and bees in an eternal ballet of sustainability , which enhances and follows the contours of the modernist architecture of one of the most iconic buildings in the country, the Conjunto Nacional . This is the DNA of Mirante Paulista , a project designed by landscapers Catê Poli and João Jadão for the 36th edition of CASACOR São Paulo . In the environment, the duo invests their experience and methodology to identify and combine native and exotic species , as well as their characteristics, in addition to valuable suggestions for planting and cultivation.

What are native and exotic plants?

Catê Poli explains that native plants are those found naturally in a given region or ecosystem , in other words, that develop within their natural limits, including their potential area of dispersion. “They have evolved and adapted to the climatic conditions, soil, fauna and flora of the places over time,” he explains. Among the species found at Mirante Paulista are the jabuticabeira , samambaia , guaimbê and clusia , among others. According to the landscaper, exotic plants are those introduced into an area or ecosystem where they would not occur naturally . “They originate from other places, usually from other countries or continents,” she says. For the current edition of CASACOR , she and João Jadão brought varieties such as ripsalis (Africa/Sri Lanka), phoenix palm (Asia/Thailand), trachycarpus palm (Asia/China), shiny black yam (Tropical Asia), bamboo areca (Madagascar); snake plant (Oceania) and alocasia portora .

The creation of the "Mirante Paulista" project

A moodboard with earthy and green tones denote the color gradient that never repeats. With 150 m² of outdoor area , a harmonious and spacious living room balcony connects hope in the hearts and souls of those who visit the space. “ We unite cultures, traditions and nature in a single voice . In carrying out our project, we invested in diversity and preserved the essence of native and exotic plants with everything they offer us”, comments João Jadão. Among the professionals' favorites is the jabuticaba tree, the only fruit tree among the species , which is not new to its participation in the largest decoration and landscaping exhibition in Latin America. The appreciation of both has its reasons: in addition to being native to the Atlantic Forest, it awakens the most tender emotional memories , of when the sweet fruit with purple skin and white pulp was tasted directly from the trees accessed in the backyards of yesteryear. Among the exotic species, the highlight is the trachycarpus palm , which can withstand both cold and intense heat, making it suitable for a wide range of climates .

She also says it is important to consider the impact of these plants on native ecosystems , despite their beauty and practicality. Responsible selection of non-invasive exotic plants and integration of native plants can contribute to a more balanced and sustainable landscaping.

How to identify native and exotic plants?

Native and exotic plant species can be found in botanical guides and bibliographies, as well as in various specialized books that provide information on these plants found in different regions. These resources usually include illustrations, descriptions, and distinctive characteristics of the species that can help with identification. In addition, landscapers also suggest contacting local botanical experts and nature conservation or gardening agencies as a means of obtaining further references and guidance, as well as access to specialized websites and apps. It is important to note that the cultivation and use of exotic plants may be subject to specific regulations in different Brazilian states and municipalities . Therefore, it is advisable to consult local laws and regulations in advance. For those looking to find a place to acquire native species, look for specialized nurseries, plant fairs and conservation events, ecosystem recovery programs, or gardening groups , suggests the pair of landscapers. According to João, native plants offer many advantages over exotic ones, as they require less care and are more resistant – due to their formation, they have adapted to the climate conditions, soil and rainfall patterns specific to a given region. “This means that they are naturally adapted to the local environment , making them more resistant to pests, diseases and adverse conditions,” he comments. 6 tips given to unite the best of species in a single garden, by Catê and João:

1. Conscious planning: when designing the garden, take into account the balanced combination of exotic and native plants, always reserving specific areas or harmonious groups for each type of plant;
2. Choosing native plants: prioritize the use of native diversity in the garden, which is essential for the conservation of biodiversity and for creating habitats for insects, birds and other local animals;
3. Highlight the unique characteristics of exotic plants: choose species that have very distinct aesthetic or functional characteristics. This look can include lush flowers, colorful foliage, interesting shapes or different textures;
4. Ecological mimicry: choose exotic plants that resemble native plants in terms of appearance and growth characteristics. This way, you can achieve the desired aesthetic beauty of exotic plants while maintaining the ecological integrity of the garden;
5. Proper maintenance and care: Ensure that you provide proper care for both exotic and native plants. This includes proper watering, regular pruning, removal of invasive plants, and integrated pest management.
6. Education and awareness: Share information about the importance of using native plants and species diversity in a garden. Raise awareness about biodiversity conservation and the benefits of having a sustainable, wildlife-friendly garden.

“Remember that balance is key . By combining a garden with more native plants you can create a beautiful and attractive environment, while preserving ecological integrity and promoting sustainability ,” concludes landscape architects Catê Poli and João Jadão .