Types of roofs: discover the most used ones and their characteristics

The roof is an essential element in architecture, not only for its function of protecting the building against the elements but also for its aesthetic and structural relevance. They define the visual character of a construction, reinforcing architectural styles and valuing residential, commercial, and institutional projects. With a diversity of models, materials, and shapes, choosing the ideal type goes far beyond appearance — it involves climate, budget, durability, and maintenance.

What are the main types?

There are several types of roofs, each with specific construction and aesthetic solutions. The five most commonly used models in Brazil are:

• Colonial roof: one of the most traditional, characterized by the use of exposed ceramic tiles and steep slope. Present in country houses, cottages, and urban residences with a classic style, it values natural ventilation and rustic charm.
• Built-in roof: a trend in contemporary projects, this model does not leave the tiles visible, as it is hidden behind parapets — small walls that delimit the top of the construction. The result is a clean and minimalist facade, quite common in modern and commercial houses.
• Inclined roof: another traditional model, where the roof plane has a visible slope and can vary according to the project. It allows the use of different types of tiles and is effective for draining rainwater.
• Gable roof: formed by two sloping surfaces that meet at the top, creating a ridge. It is functional, economical, and very commonly used in single-story houses and cabins.
• Green roof: a sustainable and modern option, it consists of installing vegetation over a waterproofed structure. In addition to contributing to thermal comfort, it improves acoustic insulation and reduces environmental impact.

Colonial, built-in, inclined roof: which to choose?

The choice between colonial, built-in, and inclined depends on various factors, ranging from architectural style to climatic conditions and the available budget.

The colonial is ideal for projects that seek a more rustic or traditional visual, offering thermal comfort thanks to the use of ceramic tiles, which absorb less heat. However, its structure requires more care with the slope and frequent maintenance to avoid infiltrations.

On the other hand, the built-in is perfect for those who prefer a modern look, without visible tiles. In addition to the contemporary aesthetic, it allows for the installation of internal gutters for water drainage. However, it requires strict waterproofing to prevent infiltration issues and overheating of the internal projects. Finally, the inclined is versatile and can be used in both traditional and modern projects, depending on the slope and type of tile chosen. It favors the drainage of rainwater and allows for the creation of spaces like attics or lofts. This model also allows for greater use of natural light and ventilation.

Advantages and disadvantages of each type

Each type of roof presents positive points and limitations that should be analyzed before execution.

Colonial roof

• Advantages: classic aesthetic, excellent thermal comfort, good ventilation.
• Disadvantages: more expensive structure, higher maintenance needs, exposure to infiltrations.

Built-in roof

• Advantages: contemporary look, facade optimization, possibility of installing sustainable systems like solar panels.
• Disadvantages: higher waterproofing cost, overheating risk, more complex maintenance.

Inclined roof

• Advantages: facilitates water drainage, allows for varied use of tiles, adaptation for different styles.
• Disadvantages: may be more exposed to wind, depending on slope and height.

Gable roof

• Advantages: economical, easy execution, great for drainage.
• Disadvantages: traditional look, less flexible for modern projects.

Green roof

• Advantages: sustainable, reduces internal temperature, improves acoustics, helps with natural water drainage.
• Disadvantages: high initial cost, need for strict waterproofing, frequent maintenance.

How to calculate the ideal slope

The slope is a crucial factor for the good performance of the roofing, ensuring adequate drainage of water and the safety of the structure. This calculation is done considering the type of tile used, the local climate, and technical standards.

Each tile model has a recommended minimum and maximum slope. For example, ceramic tiles colonial usually require a slope between 30% and 35%, while fiber cement tiles can work well with a minimum slope of 10% to 15%.

Green and built-in roofs, being flat or with very gentle slopes, require specific drainage and waterproofing solutions.

To calculate, the formula is:
slope (%) = (roof height ÷ horizontal width) x 100.

If, for example, the roof has a width of 6 meters and a height of 2 meters:
(2 ÷ 6) x 100 = 33.3%.

In addition to the calculation, it is essential to follow the manufacturer’s guidelines for the tiles and consider the drainage of rainwater, avoiding water accumulation and excess weight on the structure.

Inspirations for modern projects

Modern architectural projects have been investing in solutions that enhance straight lines, sustainable materials, and integration with projects. The built-in models are protagonists in this scenario, creating clean and elegant facades. In single-story and duplex houses, the use of parapets allows the roof to be hidden and the installation of rainwater harvesting systems or solar panels without compromising the look.

The inclined roofs with bold designs are also gaining space, combining different levels of inclination, metallic materials, glass, or ecological tiles. This proposal guarantees personality and better utilizes natural light. Whether for residential, commercial, or institutional projects, the more modern models add value and reinforce concepts of sustainability, functionality, and current aesthetics.

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CASACOR Publisher is an agent that creates exclusive content, developed by the CASACOR Technology team based on the knowledge base of casacor.com.br. This text was edited by Yeska Coelho.

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